In , the University of Miami Hurricanes and the University of Washington Huskies were considered the strongest teams in the nation. Both teams won their bowl games convincingly and shared the national championship, Miami winning the Associated Press poll and Washington earning the top spot in the Coaches Poll. A split national championship has happened on many occasions since then, as well. Other teams have won the national championship despite playing presumably weaker schedules than other championship contenders.
The BYU Cougars ended the season as the only undefeated and untied team in the nation as a member of the Western Athletic Conference. The Cougars opened the season with a 20—14 victory over 3 Pittsburgh, and won the Holiday Bowl against a 6—5 Michigan team that had been ranked as high as 2 that season. Washington 11—1 was voted 2 following the bowl season with their only blemish a late season loss at Pac champ USC. Coupled with the season of 11 consecutive wins, BYU finished the season with a 24 game winning streak and was a near-unanimous choice as national champion in final polls.
To address these problems, five conferences, six bowl games, and leading independent Notre Dame joined forces to create the Bowl Coalition , which was intended to force a de facto "national championship game" between the top two teams. By entirely excluding all the other conferences, the Bowl Coalition also made it impossible for a non-Bowl Coalition team to win a national championship.
This system was in place from the season through the season. While traditional tie-ins between conferences and bowls remained, a team would be released to play in another bowl if it was necessary to force a championship game.
However, this system did not include the Big Ten and Pac champions, as both were obligated to play in the Rose Bowl. The Coalition made several unsuccessful attempts to get the Tournament of Roses Association, which operates the Rose Bowl, to release the Big Ten and Pac champions if necessary to force a championship game.
In a system that paired top-ranked teams, Penn State would have played Nebraska for the national championship.
The Bowl Coalition was restructured into the Bowl Alliance for the season, involving five conferences reduced to four for the season and three bowls Fiesta, Sugar, and Orange. The championship game rotated among these three bowls. After a protracted round of negotiations, the Bowl Alliance was reformed into the Bowl Championship Series for the season; former Southeastern Conference commissioner Roy Kramer is considered to be the "father" of the BCS. In return, the Rose Bowl was added to the yearly national championship rotation, and the game was able to keep its coveted exclusive TV time slot on the afternoon of New Year's Day.
However, beginning with the season , the BCS National Championship Game became a separate event played at the same site as a host bowl a week following New Year's Day.
The new Bowl Championship Series not only included the Big Ten and the Pac conferences but also teams from mid-major conferences, based on performance. No mid-major however, or team from any conference outside of the 6 aligned conferences, has ever played in the BCS Championship Game, causing increasing controversy.
This controversy has become even more intense in light of the 4—1 record that mid-major teams have against teams from the 6 automatic qualifying conferences in the BCS Bowl games they have been allowed to play in. The performances and perfect record of Texas Christian University in the season, and Boise State University in the season prior to that has also fueled the controversy surrounding the perceived inequalities that the BCS seems to perpetuate see BCS Controversies below or in this more detailed separate article.
However, little headway has been made to institute an alternative system like a playoff tournament, given the entrenched vested economic interests in the various bowls. In the first eight seasons of the BCS contract, the championship game was rotated among the four bowls, with each bowl game hosting the national championship once every four years. Starting with the BCS, the site of the game that served as the last game on January 1 or if January 1 fell on a Sunday, January 2 in the BCS then served as the host facility of the new stand-alone BCS National Championship game played on January 8 of that year, one week following the playing of the traditional bowl game which would follow the Rose Bowl with the exception of the games to be played in There are also thirty non-BCS bowls.
Initial plans were for the additional BCS bowl game to be held at the site of that year's championship game, such that the additional, non-championship bowl be named after the original bowl e.
Later, the BCS considered having cities bid to be the permanent site of the new BCS game, and to place the new game in the title rotation. In the end, the BCS opted for its original plan. The University of Miami has appeared in every BCS bowl except for the standalone National Championship Game, although Miami did appear in the national championship when that designation was assigned to the original four bowls in rotation. This relationship continued through the bowl games of January, The TV deal expires with the January games.
A set of rules is used to determine which teams compete in the BCS bowl games. Certain teams are given automatic berths depending on their BCS ranking and conference, as follows:. After the automatic berths have been granted, the remaining berths, known as "at-large" berths, are filled from a pool of teams who are ranked in the top 14 and have at least nine wins.
The actual teams that are chosen for the at-large berths are determined by the individual bowl committees. If fewer than 10 teams are eligible for selection, then an at-large team will be any Football Bowl Subdivision team that is bowl-eligible, has won at least nine regular-season games, and is among the top 18 teams in the final BCS Standings, though any at-large team ranked in the top 14 will be guaranteed a bid over at-large teams ranked lower than 14th.
If fewer than 10 teams are eligible after expanding the at-large pool to 18 teams, then the at-large pool will continue to be expanded by four additional positions in the BCS Standings until 10 or more teams are eligible.
No team ranked lower than 14 has used this rule to earn an at-large bid, although several teams ranked lower than 14 have received a bid for winning their conference, as the rule was not in place in the early years of the BCS. Unless their champion is involved in the BCS National Championship game, the conference tie-ins are:. The Rose Bowl is permitted to override this provision if it has been taken within the previous four seasons.
All 11 conferences compete for an opportunity to earn AQ status. As agreed by all 11 conferences, the results of the , , , and regular seasons were evaluated to determine which conferences earned automatic qualification. Three criteria were used: Rank of the highest-ranked team, rank of all conference teams, and number of teams in the top The six conferences which met that standard are the current BCS conferences. The , , , and seasons will be used to determine if another conference achieves automatic qualification for the BCS games that will conclude the and seasons.
For the portions of the ranking that are determined by polls and computer-generated rankings, the BCS uses a series of Borda counts to arrive at its overall rankings. This is an example of using a voting system to generate a complete ordered list of winners from both human and computer-constructed votes.
Obtaining a fair ranking system is a difficult mathematical problem and numerous algorithms have been proposed for ranking college football teams in particular. One example is the "random-walker rankings" studied by applied mathematicians Thomas Callaghan, Peter Mucha , and Mason Porter that employs the science of complex networks. The BCS formula calculated the top 25 teams in poll format.
After combining a number of factors, a final point total was created and the teams that received the 25 lowest scores were ranked in descending order. The factors were:. Margin of victory is a key component in the decision of the computer rankings to determine the BCS standings. The lowest ranking was dropped and the remainder averaged. The change was made because the BCS wanted computer rankings that did not depend heavily on margin of victory. A team's poll average, computer average, strength of schedule points, and losses were added to create a subtotal.
The number of bowl games now a staggering 35, requiring 70 teams has increased to the point where often teams with losing records play in them. Also, essentially every one now is "sponsored" by a corporation for advertising purposes. The sponsor's name becomes part of the bowl's name, often resulting in very long, complicated names; in many cases it becomes the only name the bowl's previous name being eliminated as with the Peach, Florida Citrus, Tangerine, Music City, Texas, Humanitarian and Hall of Fame Bowls.
In other cases the sponsor's name is more obviously featured than the bowl's own. The classic example is the Fiesta Bowl logo; "Tostitos" is in clearly-readable black against a white background, currently double the size of "Fiesta Bowl" which is in black-bordered dark red in a hard-to-read font against a dark background and has been progressively shrinking relative to the sponsor's name—especially in the logo painted on the field.
From the season until the season , four BCS bowl games determined the national champion on a rotating basis. The other three games consisted of the champions of the 6 major conferences not playing in the championship game, as well as two at-large teams. Besides BCS games, there are a number of other postseason invitationals.
Generally, two conferences will agree to send teams of a particular standing to a game beforehand. Generally, the payout to the participating teams in a Bowl Game is closely correlated to its prestige. Both of these proposed games were turned down by the NCAA for There are currently 35 licensed college bowls, which just about maxes out the possible eligible teams the four-year average of bowl-eligible squads is The BCS has recently begun discussion of a four team play off model.
Teams in the past have been left out of the Championship game causing some backlash toward the BCS. The BCS has also stated that it wishes to remove AQ conferences from its bowl games starting with the season. Over that past couple of years there have been some incidents in which AQ teams surpassed more worthy teams for bowl spots.
American Football Database Explore. Recent blog posts Forum. Explore Wikis Community Central. Register Don't have an account? List of college bowl games.
History Talk 0. Further information: Bowl Championship Series. File:Bowl games. Belk Bowl. Military Bowl. Pinstripe Bowl. Gator Bowl. Capital One Bowl. Russell Athletic Bowl. Orange Bowl. Beef 'O' Brady's Bowl. Outback Bowl. Little Caesars Pizza Bowl. Chick-fil-A Bowl. Music City Bowl. Liberty Bowl. AdvoCare V Bowl.
Interestingly enough, the greatest Sugar Bowl game to date featured a team from the SEC on the losing side of the ledger. That game, the Sugar Bowl, still stands as one of the greatest college football games of all time. In that game, second-ranked Penn State edged top-ranked Georgia, , on the way to the national championship in what was then a de facto title game in a then-rare postseason meeting between the two top-ranked teams in college football.
The Nittany Lions dominated the first half of the game before the Bulldogs narrowed the margin to in the third quarter. With his team's lead now tenuous, quarterback Todd Blackledge led Penn State to the end zone in the opening minutes of the fourth quarter to stretch the lead back to 10 points.
Georgia, with Herschel Walker in the backfield, would add one more score with remaining in the game, though a failed two-point conversion essentially sealed the deal and gave Joe Paterno his first national championship in Happy Valley. Tim Tebow's virtuoso performance in the Sugar Bowl may not have been particularly dramatic as far as the game was concerned, but it was darn impressive nonetheless.
The game served as something of a consolation for Florida after the Gators fell to Alabama in the SEC Championship Game, thereby ceding the opportunity to defend their national championship. Though with the way Tebow played, you'd have never known he wasn't playing for another ring. Tebow torched Cincinnati for yards and three touchdowns through the air along with 51 yards and another score on the ground to help the Gators chomp and stomp all over the poor Bearcats by a final score of That performance was more than a fitting end to Tebow's career at Florida, which may one day go down as one of the greatest ever seen in the history of college football.
It was originally borne out of the frustration of the Western Athletic Conference, which had grown tired of watching member schools and conference champions get passed over for selection in postseason bowl games.
Therefore, in , the powers that be in the WAC organized a bowl game with an automatic tie-in for their conference champion and fielded what turned out to be a rather exciting matchup between two ranked teams, Arizona State and Florida State. The game truly came into its own in , when it hosted a de facto national championship game between Miami and Penn State, both of which were independents at the time. The Nittany Lions triumphed, , in what was then the most watched game in the history of college football.
From then on, the Fiesta Bowl became a key fixture in the college football postseason, slowly but surely overtaking the Cotton Bow Classic as the fourth-largest bowl game on the way to becoming a key member of the Bowl Championship Series. Like many of the big bowl games, the Fiesta Bowl hasn't exactly escaped from controversy unscathed. As far as prevailing politics are concerned, several invitees boycotted the edition of the game when the state of Arizona refused to adopt the Martin Luther King Holiday.
And most recently, the Fiesta Bowl came under fire when it was discovered that CEO John Junker, along with a number of other bowl officials, spent frivolously to curry favor with the powers that be in the BCS while also encouraging employees to make donations to certain political campaigns, a strict no-no for non-profit organizations.
Which, ironically enough, the Fiesta Bowl had not been, as it had managed to turn a profit and pass those earnings onto its higher-ups while most of its participants operated at a net loss.
The Fiesta Bowl has always found its home in Arizona, with only one move in its year history. In , the Fiesta Bowl moved on up to the brand-new University of Phoenix Stadium, where it has been held ever since. The Fiesta Bowl has hosted far fewer national champions than any of the other three BCS bowls and understandably so.
After all, the Sugar and Orange Bowls are each 36 years older than the Fiesta Bowl and, technically speaking, the Rose Bowl is a whopping 69 years older. The lead for most frequent visitor to the game consists of a four-way tie between Penn State, Arizona State, Nebraska and Oklahoma, though the Nittany Lions win out by way of their record in the Fiesta Bowl and their two national championships earned as a result of said victories.
That being said, Penn State did not have the privilege of playing the best Fiesta Bowl game, which also happens to be one of the most entertaining games in the history of the sport. The Fiesta Bowl was about as quintessential a David vs. Goliath matchup as you'll ever see in a bowl game.
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