Stage IA: The tumor is 2 cm or smaller in the pancreas. It has not spread to lymph nodes or other parts of the body T1, N0, M0. Stage IB: A tumor larger than 2 cm is in the pancreas. It has not spread to lymph nodes or other parts of the body T2, N0, M0. Stage IIA: The tumor is larger than 4 cm and extends beyond the pancreas. It has not spread to nearby arteries, veins, lymph nodes, or other parts of the body T3, N0, M0.
Stage IIB: A tumor of any size has not spread to nearby arteries or veins. It has spread to 1 to 3 regional lymph nodes but not to other parts of the body T1, T2, or T3; N1; M0. A tumor of any size that has spread to 4 or more regional lymph nodes but not to nearby arteries, veins, or other parts of the body T1, T2, or T3, N2, M0.
A tumor that has spread to nearby arteries and veins and may have spread to regional lymph nodes. It has not spread to other parts of the body T4, any N, M0.
Recurrent: Recurrent cancer is cancer that has come back after treatment. If the cancer does return, there will be another round of tests to learn about the extent of the recurrence.
These tests and scans are often similar to those during the original diagnosis. The next section in this guide is Types of Treatment. Use the menu to choose a different section to read in this guide. Pancreatic Cancer: Stages Approved by the Cancer. The more common way to classify pancreatic cancer is to classify a tumor into 1 of the following 4 categories, based on whether it can be removed with surgery and where it has spread: Resectable This type of pancreatic cancer can be surgically removed.
Locally advanced This type is still located only in the area around the pancreas, but it cannot be surgically removed because it has grown into or close to nearby arteries, veins, or organs.
Metastatic The tumor has spread beyond the area of the pancreas and to other organs, such as the liver, lungs, or distant parts of the abdomen. For the TNM system, doctors use the results from diagnostic tests, scans, and surgery to answer these questions: Tumor T : How large is the primary tumor? Where is it located? Here are more details on each part of the TNM system for pancreatic cancer: Tumor T Using the TNM system, the "T" plus a letter or number 0 to 4 is used to describe the size and location of the tumor.
TX: The primary tumor cannot be evaluated. T0 T plus zero : No evidence of cancer was found in the pancreas. NX: The regional lymph nodes cannot be evaluated. N0: Cancer was not found in the regional lymph nodes. N1: Cancer has spread to 1 to 3 regional lymph nodes. N2: Cancer has spread to 4 or more regional lymph nodes. Metastasis M The "M" in the TNM system describes whether the cancer has spread to other parts of the body, called distant metastasis.
M0: The disease has not spread to other parts of the body. Cancer stage grouping Doctors assign the stage of the cancer by combining the T, N, and M classifications. Stage III: Either of these conditions: A tumor of any size that has spread to 4 or more regional lymph nodes but not to nearby arteries, veins, or other parts of the body T1, T2, or T3, N2, M0.
Types of Cancer. This procedure stops the nerves from sending pain signals to your brain. Bowel obstruction. Pancreatic cancer that grows into or presses on the first part of the small intestine duodenum can block the flow of digested food from your stomach into your intestines. Your doctor may recommend that a tube stent be placed in your small intestine to hold it open. In some situations, it might help to have surgery to place a temporary feeding tube or to attach your stomach to a lower point in your intestines that isn't blocked by cancer.
Consider meeting with a genetic counselor if you have a family history of pancreatic cancer. He or she can review your family health history with you and determine whether you might benefit from a genetic test to understand your risk of pancreatic cancer or other cancers.
Pancreatic cancer care at Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version. Overview The pancreas in the digestive system Open pop-up dialog box Close.
The pancreas in the digestive system The pancreas is a long, flat gland that lies horizontally behind your stomach. Pancreatic cancer Open pop-up dialog box Close. Pancreatic cancer Pancreatic cancer is cancer that forms in the cells of the pancreas. Email address. First Name let us know your preferred name.
Last Name. Thank you for subscribing Your in-depth coping with cancer guide will be in your inbox shortly. Sorry something went wrong with your subscription Please, try again in a couple of minutes Retry. Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Open pop-up dialog box Close.
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ERCP uses a dye to highlight the bile ducts and pancreatic duct on X-ray images. Share on: Facebook Twitter. Show references AskMayoExpert.
Pancreatic cancer. Rochester, Minn. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Fort Washington, Pa. Accessed June 3, Niederhuber JE, et al. Carcinoma of the pancreas. In: Abeloff's Clinical Oncology. Philadelphia, Pa. What you need to know about cancer of the pancreas. National Cancer Institute. Distress management. Palliative care. Clark KL, et al. Psychological distress in patients with pancreatic cancer — An understudied group. Tee MC, et al. Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy: Is it an effective procedure for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma?
Advances in Surgery. Sugumar A, et al. Distinguishing pancreatic cancer from autoimmune pancreatitis.
Current Gastroenterology Reports. Accessed June 10, Riggin EA. Allscripts EPSi. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Ramanathan RK expert opinion. Endoscopy is a procedure allowing doctors to look inside the body through the use of an instrument that has a tiny camera attached to a long, thin tube. Another study published in the same issue of Nature, directed by British researchers at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute in collaboration with Iacobuzio-Donahue, used cell lines and tissue samples from the same pancreatic cancer patients as the Johns Hopkins study to look for rearrangements of genetic material.
They found more than half of specific rearrangements occurred in all metastases and primary tumors. Hruban, James R. Eshleman, Victor E. Velculescu, and Kenneth W.
Nowak of Harvard University in Cambridge,. Media Contact: Vanessa Wasta wasta jhmi. Contact us or find a patient care location. Privacy Statement. Non-Discrimination Notice. All rights reserved. Skip Navigation. I Want To
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